Other conspecific taxa:

• Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon (0 accessions)
• Allium sativum var. sativum (0 accessions)

Common names:

• garlic  (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2) - English
• thoum  (Source: F Egypt) - Arabic
• ail  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• Knoblauch  (Source: Dict Rehm) - German
• ninniku  (Source: Names Batra) - Japanese Rōmaji
• alho  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Portuguese
• ajo  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• vitlök  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• suan  (Source: F ChinaEng) - Transcribed Chinese
• maneul  (Source: Kulturpflanze) - Transcribed Korean

Economic Importance:

• Medicines: folklore (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):99. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004)
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals (fide Lampe & McCann; Cooper & Johnson ed2)

Distributional Range:

Cultivated




Africa

• MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands]
• NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
• NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
• EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
• WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
• SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
• SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
• CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia]
• SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia, [Eastern Siberia] Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]
• MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
• CHINA: China
• EASTERN ASIA: Korea

Asia-Tropical

• INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
• PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
• INDO-CHINA: Indochina, Thailand
• MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

• AUSTRALIA: Australia [Victoria]

Europe

• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Greece, Italy, Romania
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain

Northern America

• Canada, Mexico, United States

Southern America

• CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
• BRAZIL: Brazil
• WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador


Other (possible origin c. Asia)

References:

1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). (PROTA4U)
2. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). (AgroAtlas)
3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
4. Batra, L. R. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. 1995 (Names Batra)
5. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999- (F Egypt)
6. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 (Cooper & Johnson ed2)
7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002 (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
8. Euro+Med Editorial Committee Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). (EuroMed Plantbase)
9. FNA Editorial Committee Flora of North America. 1993- (F NAmer)
10. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. (pers. comm.)
11. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 (Mansf Ency) 4:2267-2269.
12. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999 (L Ecuador)
13. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993 (Econ Pl Aust)
14. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 (Herbs Commerce ed2)
15. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants (Kulturpflanze) 34:76
16. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables (Pl Res SEAs) 8:77-80.
17. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976 (F Guat)
18. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- (F ChinaEng)

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy).
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://germoplasma.iniaf.gob.bo/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2368. Accessed 12 marzo 2026.